![okstate endnote online account okstate endnote online account](https://www.appsformypc.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/endnote_2.jpg)
Endocrine flexibility might be quantified by calculating endocrine scope and speed or by using reaction norms (see Glossary Guindre-Parker, 2020 Malkoc et al., 2021). Individuals may also exhibit endocrine flexibility in either their baseline or induced hormone levels across environmental contexts ( Guindre-Parker, 2020). Endocrine scope and speed are measures of flexibility in the increases (and decreases) in hormone levels from baseline to induced levels. Our broad definition of endocrine flexibility includes endocrine scope and speed (see Glossary Fig. 1A Taff and Vitousek, 2016), but also includes flexibility in baseline and induced hormone concentrations ( Fig. 1B Guindre-Parker, 2020). We use the term flexibility, rather than plasticity, to acknowledge its reversibility and ability to occur throughout an individual's lifetime, in contrast to phenotypic plasticity (see Glossary), which is sometimes defined as an irreversible change in phenotype induced during development ( Pigliucci, 2005 Hau et al., 2016). We consider endocrine flexibility to be a sub-type of phenotypic flexibility, which is broadly defined as reversible variation in trait expression within an individual's lifespan ( Hau et al., 2016). Individuals and species vary in their endocrine responses to external cues in important ways that we can describe and quantify. As examples, hormone levels can change in response to fluctuating environmental conditions, social interactions, and disease exposure, and these changes in hormone levels then stimulate modifications of behavior and physiology. To maintain homeostasis, hormones mediate interactions between the external and internal environments. Mathematical modeling is not yet widely employed in endocrinology, but can be used to identify innovative areas for future research and generate novel predictions for empirical testing. Our Review introduces and defines endocrine flexibility, reviews existing studies, makes suggestions for future empirical work, and recommends mathematical modeling approaches to complement empirical work and significantly advance our understanding. The need for repeated samples from individuals can make empirical studies of endocrine flexibility logistically challenging, but methods based in mathematical modeling can provide insights that circumvent these challenges.
![okstate endnote online account okstate endnote online account](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/endnoteonline-150217034625-conversion-gate02/95/endnote-online-3-638.jpg)
The ability to quickly and appropriately modify phenotype is predicted to be favored by selection, especially in unpredictable environments. Repeated measures of hormone levels in individuals provide additional insight into individual variation in endocrine flexibility – that is, how individuals modulate hormone levels in response to the environment. EndNote is available to the OSU community at a discount price via the TechHub store.There is growing interest in studying hormones beyond single ‘snapshot’ measurements, as recognition that individual variation in the endocrine response to environmental change may underlie many rapid, coordinated phenotypic changes.Additional bibliographic styles can be downloaded at.Clarivate offers excellent FAQs, tutorials and webinars at.However, OSU Libraries may not have subscription access through each of these pathways.
![okstate endnote online account okstate endnote online account](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zrzn5JykuZE/maxresdefault.jpg)
![okstate endnote online account okstate endnote online account](https://i.pinimg.com/736x/9b/1d/c9/9b1dc9a41fc563ea886ca9a33b4b2b3d.jpg)
Okstate endnote online account full#
Searching and finding full text may work better on campus than off due to different resource authentication methods and licensing agreements.There are some caveats regarding EndNote's ability to find full text: Finding full text requires authentication with URL.Finding full text requires the OpenURL path of.In the EndNote Preferences dialog (Edit->Preferences on PC, or EndNote 20->Preferences on Mac), select Find Full Text, then copy and paste the following URLs: Finding full text resources requires the proper configuration. Bibliographic management tools like EndNote can not only help researchers to manage references, they can also be used to search for full text.